Who Popularized the term Talented Tenth

Who Popularized the term 'Talented Tenth'   How was the term Talented Tenth popularized?   Despite social inequalities and Jim Crow Era laws that became a way of life for African-Americans in the South after the Reconstruction period, a small group of African-Americans were forging ahead by establishing businesses and becoming educated. A debate began amongst African-American intellectuals concerning the best way for African-American communities to survive racism and social injustice in the United States. In 1903, sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois responded through his essay The Talented Tenth. In the essay, Du Bois argued: The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst.† With the publication of this essay, the term â€Å"Talented Tenth† became popularized. It was not Du Bois who first developed the term. The concept of the Talented Tenth was developed by the American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1896.   The American Baptist Home Mission Society was an organization comprised of Northern white philanthropists such as John D. Rockefeller. The purpose of the group was to help establish African-American colleges in the South to train educators and other professionals. Booker T. Washington also referred to the term â€Å"Talented Tenth† in 1903. Washington edited The Negro Problem, a collection of essays written by other African-American leaders in support of Washington’s position. Washington wrote: The Negro race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education, then, among Negroes must first of all deal with the Talented Tenth; it is the problem of developing the Best of this race that they may guide the Mass away from the contamination and death of the Worst, in their own and other races. Yet Du Bois defined the term, â€Å"Talented Tenth† to argue that one out of 10 African-American men could become leaders in the United States and the world if they pursued education, published books and advocated for social change in society. Du Bois believed that African-Americans really needed to pursue a traditional education versus the industrial education that Washington consistently promoted. Du Bois argued in his essay: â€Å"Men we shall have only as we make manhood the object of the work of the schools - intelligence, broad sympathy, knowledge of the world that was and is, and of the relation of men to it - this is the curriculum of that Higher Education which must underlie true life. On this foundation we may build bread winning, skill of hand and quickness of brain, with never a fear lest the child and man mistake the means of living for the object of life.† Who were examples of the Talented Tenth? Perhaps two of the greatest examples of the Talented Tenth were Du Bois and Washington. However, there were other examples: The National Business League, established by Washington brought together African-American businessowners across the United States. The American Negro Academy, the first organization in the United States with the purpose of promoting African-American scholarship. Founded in 1897, the use of The American Negro Academy to promote the academic achievements of African-Americans in areas such as higher education, arts, and science.The National Association of Colored Women (NACW). Established in 1986 by educated African-American women, the purpose of the NACW was to fight sexism, racism, and social injustice.The Niagara Movement. Developed by Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter in 1905, the Niagara Movement led the way for the NAACP to be established.

History of Adhesives and Glue

History of Adhesives and Glue Archeologists excavating burial sites from 4000 BC have discovered clay pots repaired with glue made from tree sap. We know that the ancient Greeks developed adhesives for use in carpentry, and created recipes for glue that included the following items as ingredients: egg whites, blood, bones, milk, cheese, vegetables, and grains. Tar and beeswax were used by the Romans for glue. Around 1750, the first glue or adhesive patent was issued in Britain. The glue was made from fish. Patents were then rapidly issued for adhesives using natural rubber, animal bones, fish, starch, milk protein or casein. Superglue - Synthetic Glue Superglue or Krazy Glue is a substance called cyanoacrylate that was discovered by Dr. Harry Coover while working for Kodak Research Laboratories to develop an optically clear plastic for gunsights in 1942. Coover rejected cyanoacrylate because it was too sticky. In 1951, cyanoacrylate was rediscovered by Coover and Dr. Fred Joyner. Coover was now supervising research at the Eastman Company in Tennessee. Coover and Joyner were researching a heat-resistant acrylate polymer for jet canopies when Joyner spread a film of ethyl cyanoacrylate between refractometer prisms and discovered that the prisms were glued together. Coover finally realized that cyanoacrylate was a useful product and in 1958 the Eastman compound #910 was marketed and later packaged as superglue. Hot Glue - Thermoplastic Glue Hot glue or hot melt adhesives are thermoplastics that are applied hot (often using glue guns) and then harden as they cool. Hot glue and glue guns are commonly used for arts and crafts because of the wide range of materials that hot glue can stick together. Procter Gamble chemical and packaging engineer, Paul Cope invented thermoplastic glue around 1940 as an improvement to water-based adhesives that were failing in humid climates. This to That A nifty site that tells you what to use to glue anything to anything else. Read the trivia section for historical information. According to the â€Å"This to That† website, the famous cow used as the trademark on all Elmer’s glue products is actually named Elsie, and she is the spouse of Elmer, the bull (male cow) who the company is named after.