Walt Whitman's Idea of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Walt Whitman's Idea of Women - Essay Example A look into his works, that are, at times, vivid with sexuality, proves that his works are a mixture of transcendentalism and realism, where he found females equal to males, and in fact, more important than males. However, he himself seems highly influenced by the social and religious norms that surrounded him in the 19th century that he could not see any other role for women other than household works, procreation of healthy offspring for the state, and keeping themselves healthy and willing to overtly express their sexual desires. Moreover, in his attempt to show the importance of females, he ends up giving them more importance than males because of their higher role in reproduction. In my opinion, Whitman is one among the many sex radicals of the 19th century, and though he proposed revolutionary ideologies on free expression of female sexuality, they are clouded by his own expression of male dominance in his works. This makes his position as a feminist a matter of controversy. Tr aditional roles of women in Whitman’s works Killingsworth admits the fact that for many scholars, Whitman’s females are nothing more than ‘functional creatures’ with just muscles and wombs (1). In addition, there comes the allegation that their only functions are sex and birth. This allegation seems substantiated in many of his writings. In ‘A woman waits for me’, he points out â€Å"yet all were lacking†¦if the moisture of the right man were lacking† (A woman waits for me). Here, instead of the desire to reform female covert expression of sex, the main intention seems to be the desire to make them cope with the unquenched sexual desires of the male-dominated society. As one moves ahead, there is the evident expression of what a chauvinist prefers to see in the females with whom he wants to have sex. â€Å"They are tann’d in the face by shining suns and blowing winds/ Their flesh has the old divine suppleness and strength/ They know how to swim, row, ride, wrestle, shoot, run, strike, retreat, advance, resist, defend themselves.† However, for a woman who possesses all these qualities, the duty Whitman gives is â€Å"I shall demand perfect men and women out of my love spendings.† Thus, it becomes very evident that though he seems careful about the health and wellbeing of females, the two responsibilities they are supposed to do, according to him, are healthy procreation and healthy sex. However, this conception about his intentions is, to a great extent, removed when one looks into his Prose Writings (II, 37 2n). He points out that the sole way to a reconstructed society depends on â€Å"new birth, elevation, expansion, invigoration of women, affording, for races to come†¦ a perfect motherhood† (qtd. Killingsworth, 3). Here, though his outlook is justified remarkably, it seems that his intention to elevate females is based on the need to ensure proper motherhood; not for female s’ sake. However, a look into the Prose Works of 1892 reveals that his intention was not only to make females willing to procreate healthy generation, but the kind of women he envisioned would be â€Å"robust equals, workers, and even practical and political deciders with men† (Whitman, Prose Works). Thus, in the opinion of people

Learning Through Partnership (Education) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Learning Through Partnership (Education) - Essay Example These changes brought about by migration in the globalised world has affected and influenced developments and concerns in contemporary education. This is based on the presupposition that as schools have become the concrete and actual arena with which the presence of people with different cultural backgrounds intersects in the public sphere (Cairney, 1995; Hayes & Chodkiewicz 2006). Moreover, this scenario is confounded by the fact that it is not only the adults who are the common players in the context of schools as public arena but it’s the children as well (Cairney, 2000). Thus, students have to cross the values and beliefs of their homes to the values and beliefs of their schools everyday (Hayes & Chodkiewicz (2006). As such, there is a view that â€Å"schools need to consider the learning activities they institute not as separate skills but as social practices into which people are enculturated (or apprenticed) as members of specific social groups (Scribner and Cole 1981 as cited in Cairney, 2000:166). In lieu with this, another dimension of contemporary education which is of fundamental importance and impact in education is the parents’ involvement in the education of their children. Following the Plowden Report of 1967, steps have been continuously undertaken by all stakeholders in children’s education to â€Å"encourage parents to become more involved in school and support school agendas in a variety of ways† (Cairney, 2000:164). However, the idea and practise of parental involvement in their children’s education necessitate innovative changes for it to authentically respond to current trends and demands in the contemporary education of the children. In response to the need for novel approaches to parental involvement in education, this paper aims to understand the concept of parental involvement in education, to know the theories behind parental involvement, to apprehend the

Nisha Cyclone In India Media Essay

Nisha Cyclone In India Media Essay Communication plays a critical role in disaster prevention and management. A variety of media channels are used for disaster communications, before and during a disaster. For example, communication in the form of visible or audible signals, leaflets, announcements by speaker cars and public events have been known. Mass media in the form of newspapers, television, radio, internet, etc have certain characteristics that make them advantageous for disaster communications. They provide easy access to large population and some of them constitute a robust communication system which remains working even in cases of a partial breakdown of the infrastructure. On the other hand, sources dealing with the media know that media can be difficult at times. There is no direct control over the content and form of information that is being transmitted. Sources who want to communicate with the public have to deal with journalists who do not form a passive information channel but act as gate keepers, int erpreters and commentators. Media hence can support or obstruct the disaster management of government agencies and relief organizations. This research paper analyzes the print media coverage of Nisha cyclone that had hit the coast of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry in November 2008. The researcher has done a survey to study public interests in content designing and disaster news presentation through print media. Keywords: natural disasters, prevention, management, warning, communication, print media coverage INTRODUCTION India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Indias total coastline is 7,516 kilometers in length, which comprises 5,422 kilometers for the mainland, 132 kilometers for the Lakshadweep Islands, and 1,962 kilometers for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. The Indian sub-continent is prone to several types of natural disasters. Major natural hazards include droughts, floods, earthquakes, and tropical cyclones and minor ones include landslides, hailstorms, avalanches, bushfires and forest fires. These disasters take a heavy toll on human lives and resources causing economic, environment and social losses. Natural disasters affect the rural community the most, as they are vulnerable to economic changes, and have no alternate means of livings. Natural disasters destroy infrastructure, cause mass migration, reduction in food and fodder supplies and sometimes leads to drastic situations like starvation. At the global level, there has been considerable concern over natural disasters. Even as substantial scientific and material progress is made, the loss of lives and property due to disasters has not decreased. In fact, the human toll and economic losses have mounted. NATURAL DISASTERS: CYCLONES An event or hazard is called a disaster when it threatens property and lives and is unforeseen and often sudden. The WHO defines a disaster as A severe disruption, ecological and psychological, which greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the affected community. It causes great damage, destruction and human suffering. A disaster is a very complex multi dimensional phenomenon and along many dimensions like social, economic, material, psychological or social, but unlikely to be one along all of these in a specific direction. Often the number of human lives lost is an important criterion for defining a disaster. Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, and destruction and devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area. It may also be termed as a serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources. A Cyclonic Storm or a Cyclone is an intense vortex or a whirl in the atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. The word Cyclone is derived from the Greek, word Cyclos meaning the coils of a snake. To Henri Peddington, the tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea appeared like the coiled serpents of the sea and he named these storms as Cyclones. Cyclones are categorized as hydro meteorological disasters. Cyclones are intense low pressure areas from the centre of which pressure increases outwards- The amount of the pressure drop in the centre and the rate at which it increases outwards gives the intensity of the cyclones and the strength of winds. CYCLONES IN THE INDIAN SEAS Cyclones form in certain favorable atmospheric and Oceanic conditions. There are marked seasonal variations in their places of origin, tracks and attainment of intensities. These behaviors help in predicting their movements. Figure 1.1.1 Cyclone prone areas in India Source: Compare Infobase Limited (2007) Tropical cyclones, which are severe storms spun off from the Inter tropical Convergence Zone, may affect thousands of Indians living in coastal regions. Tropical cyclogenesis(the technical term describing the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere) is particularly common in the northern regions of the Indian Ocean in and around the Bay of Bengal. Cyclones bring with them heavy rains, storm surges, and winds that often cut affected areas off from relief and supplies. In the North Indian Ocean Basin, the cyclone season runs from April to December, with peak activity between May and November. Each year, an average of eight storms with sustained wind speeds greater than 63 km/h (39 mph) form; of these, two strengthen into true tropical cyclones, which have sustained gusts greater than 117 km/h (73 mph). On average, a major cyclone develops every other year. Wind and Cyclones during the period 1877-2005: 283 cyclones (106 severe) in a 50 km wide strip on the East Coast Less severe cyclonic activity on West Coast (35 cyclones in the same period) In 19 severe cyclonic storms, death toll> 10,000 lives During summer, the Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that morph into cyclones. 1.25 million lives have been lost in Bay of Bengal till now because of 21 cyclones that had hit the region. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola cyclone, and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone rank among the most powerful cyclones to strike India, devastating the coasts of eastern India and neighboring Bangladesh. Widespread death and property destruction are reported every year in the exposed coastal states of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Indias western coast, bordering the more placid Arabian Sea, experiences cyclones only rarely; these mainly strike Gujarat and, less frequently, Kerala. Cyclone 05B, a super cyclone that struck Orissa on 29 October 1999, was the deadliest in more than a quarter-century. With peak winds of 160 miles per hour (257 km/h), it was the equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane. Almost two million people were left homeless; another 20 million people life was disrupted by the cyclone. Officially, 9,803 people died from the storm; unofficial estimates place the death toll at over 10,000. Pre and Post-monsoon storms are more violent than the storms of the monsoon season. Life span of a severe cyclonic storm in the Indian seas averages about 4 days from the time it forms until the time it enters the land. DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY CYCLONES There are three elements associated with a cyclone, which cause destruction. They are 1. Cyclones are associated with high-pressure gradients and consequent strong winds. These, in turn, generate storm surges. A storm surge is an abnormal rise of sea level near the coast caused by a severe tropical cyclone; as a result, sea water inundates low lying areas of coastal regions drowning human beings and live- stock, eroding beaches and embankments, destroying vegetation and reducing soil fertility. 2. Very strong winds may damage installations, dwellings, communication systems, trees, etc. resulting in loss of life and property. 3. Heavy and prolonged rains due to cyclones may cause river floods and submergence of low lying areas by rain causing loss of life and property. Floods and coastal inundation due to storm surges pollute drinking water sources causing outbreak of epidemics. It may be mentioned that all the three factors mentioned above occur simultaneously and, therefore, relief operations for distress mitigation become difficult. So it is imperative that advance action is taken for relief measures before the commencement of adverse weather conditions due to cyclones. The most destructive element associated with an intense cyclone is storm surge. Past history indicates that loss of life is significant when surge magnitude is 3 meters or more and catastrophic when 5 meters and above. WARNING SYSTEM IN INDIA In the last five decades, government is making attempts to highlight the use of information technology in providing early warning systems for effective disaster management, especially in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal coasts, which are susceptible to such storms. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) provides cyclone warnings from the Area Cyclone Warning Centers (ACWCs) at Calcutta, Chennai and Mumbai, and Cyclone Warning Centers (CWCs) at Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam and Ahmadabad. The IMD has developed the necessary infrastructure to generate and disseminate the cyclone warnings to the cyclone prone coastal areas. It uses a number of communication channels like telegram, fax, e-mails, etc. to communicate warning messages at appropriate levels. Cyclone warning is done in two stages. At first a warning on cyclone alert is issued 48 hours in advance of the expected commencement of adverse weather over coastal areas. The second stage cyclone warning is issued 24 hours in advance. The IMD constantly examines the coastline for the likely genesis of tropical storms with the help of satellite imagery, particularly those from the multipurpose geo-stationary satellite, INSAT. Information from ships and ocean buoys is also taken into consideration. There is a chain of Cyclone Detection Radars (CDRs) that are installed along the coastal belt of India have proved to be an effective tool to the cyclone warning work. These radars can locate and track approaching Tropical Cyclones within a range of 400 km. The National Disaster Management Bill, 2005 also emphasizes the setting up, maintaining, reviewing and upgrading of early warning mechanisms and the dissemination of proper information to the public. The aim of any warning system is to alert people to take appropriate and timely steps for the safety of life and property. A natural disaster cannot be evaded but we need to make effective use of available resources to minimize the loss and aftermath. CYCLONE NISHA Nature unleashed havoc in Nagapattinam and Karaikal districts on 26 November 2008. Heavy rainfall and gusty winds claimed three lives in Nagapattinam besides flooding the dwellings and driving over 78,000 people to 308 cyclone-relief centers. As the cyclonic storm Nisha got nearer, the coastal areas started receiving heavy rains and strong winds. The total rainfall recorded at 8.30 am stood at 2,145 mm, with Vedaranyam registering the highest of 333 mm. In Cuddalore, over six lakhs people were affected by the torrential rainfall in the coastal district as more than 50,000 houses were inundated, paddy and sugarcane crops raised on 200,000 acres submerged and power transmission crippled for more than 15 hours in the district. The rainfall accompanied by strong wind uprooted more than 1,000 roadside trees. In Pamban, while torrential rain continued to lash different parts of the Ramanathapuram district on Wednesday, the fifth cyclone warning signal was hoisted at Pamban port office. Relief Details (as on 27 November 2008) No of people evacuated 106,145 No of relief centers opened 650 No of people in relief centers 89,395 Total no of food packets distributed 548,205 Total cash dole distributed 450,000 Cyclone Nisha caused a death toll of 89 in Tamil Nadu. The toll in rain related incidents in Tamil Nadu during the six days, mounted to 89, with 25 more deaths reported from rain-affected districts till Friday 28 November. It is understood that natural disasters can neither be predicted nor prevented. The problem before us is how to cope with them, minimizing their impact. Tamil Nadu has witnessed havoc caused by cyclones and storm surge in the coastal regions, earthquakes, monsoon floods, landslides, and recently the Tsunami. Increase in urban population coupled with the construction of man-made structures often poorly built and maintained subject cities to greater levels of risk to life and property in the event of earthquakes and other natural hazards. The media and disaster management agencies have important roles to play in crises. Each needs the other in order to perform its function better. Information needs to be presented responsibly, with contextual understanding. Hence, this research aims to study the print media coverage of Nisha Cyclone in Chennai edition newspapers. The objective of the study is to find out the newspapers that have greater readership among the coastal communities and to a nalyze the print media coverage of Nisha Cyclone. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The researcher has adopted Survey and Content Analysis method for performing the research. The tool used for data collection for survey method is questionnaire and the samples were chosen by using simple random sampling technique. The sample size is 300 and the survey was taken among the people in Chennai who read newspapers. The Parameters chosen for content analysis were the total number of news articles appearing relating to Nisha cyclone; the page number in which the news articles appears; pagination of the news article (left or right); placement of news articles (top or bottom); total number of black and white; colored photos; news content (Image or Text or both) for quantitative analysis. For the qualitative analysis, the parameters taken were Context: The type of disaster news article (advice, disaster agent, safety message, damages, countermeasures, restoration); Target audience: The target audience focused based on the geographical areas and that are focused; genre of news: Feature, interview, announcement; Graphic Appeal: The type of the graphic elements used to convey news; Photo Featured: Additional resources such as visual aid (Graphic images or illustrated pictures) supporting the news item; Comprehension: The type of technical and descriptive words used in the content; Approach: News presentation in direct or third person format; Authentication of the news by analyzing the mentioned source of information; Bias: The political bias in the news. The researcher has taken the survey primarily to determine the newspapers on which the content analysis is to be applied. Secondly the survey also intended to find what type and format of the news does people prefer when it comes to disaster and the peoples trust upon the weather forecasts. The researcher has analyzed the news content relating to the Nisha cyclone in the newspaper that has got greater readership among survey respondents. From the survey, it was found that, the number of people who prefer television to receive the disaster related news is found maximal constituting 69%. Newspaper is found to be the next highly preferred medium with 47% and Radio was preferred only by 13% of the respondents. Since the question is a multiple choice, respondents may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%. As seen clearly the most preferred media is television: this is due to the fact that television has penetrated deeply in the society and the access to television is high as the government has given free television sets to almost all rural families. However newspapers have occupied the second place in the preference. The number of people who prefer Tamil as the language to receive the disaster related news is found maximal constituting 63%. English is found to be the next highly preferred language. The preference given to regional language to get the disaster news is very high. And the people who prefer both the languages are found in fair numbers. Dinakaran takes the majority of the news paper readership with 40%. The second most prefered newspaper is Dinathandi. From this survey results, the Tamil daily newspaper, Dinakaran is taken for content analysis. 62% of the respondents prefer reading The Hindu. Hence the English daily newspaper, The Hindu is also taken for content analysis. 66% of the respondents read the weather report rarely and 21% dont read the weather report at all. With respect to the credibility of the weather forecast and reports, the trustworthiness is found to be moderate. The most preferred content for disaster related news is the combination of both text and image News on Disaster preparedness and precautionary measures are much read by the respondents. But such content is found to be minimal. Government interventions and post-disaster news are found to be more. News in the form of Interviews and featured articles are highly preferred in terms of presentation. 85% of the people share information regarding the disaster with their family, friends and relatives. The total number of news articles that appeared in the two chosen newspapers related to Nisha cyclone in the twenty days duration between 22nd November 2008 and 11th December 2008 are: 275 articles in Dinakaran and 67 articles in The Hindu. In Dinakaran, nearly 64% of the articles appeared in the Main page and 36% in supplements. But in The Hindu, all the articles appeared in main page. Dinakaran has presented the news items in random fashion both in main and supplement pages. But in The Hindu the articles were presented only in the main paper. A highest percentage of 36% of articles appeared in the third page of The Hindu which covers regional news. Right side of a news paper is considered to be the side of high readability but equal numbers of news articles appear both the sides. Regarding the position of news articles, it is seen that majority of the news articles related to Nisha cyclone have appeared in upper half of the news papers. More number of pictures appears in color in both the newspapers. The combination of both image and text is found high in The Hindu whereas its low in Dinakaran. Regarding the information covered, In Dinakaran it is found that 49% of the news items were related to effects of Nisha cyclone on people and properties; however warning was first given only in the Dinakaran as a news article in the front page on 22nd November 2008. Only one article was on preparedness. Relief and Rehabilitation news appeared more in number followed by the effects. News involving political parties providing relief funds and people demanding their needs were given more importance. The Hindu carried the first warning message only in the column dedicated for weather report including rainfall indications which were given right from the 20th November 2008 in the same column. Since The Hindu adopts featured articles, the above said context parameters were found in combined state in all the articles relating to the Nisha cyclone. Even in The Hindu, minimal coverage was given to preparedness and more importance was given to relief and rehabilitiation during the post-disaster phase. Regional Information was given more importance in The Hindu. Dinakaran has given a good coverage of information in Chennai and also in the areas around Chennai which was drastically affected by Nisha Cyclone. Dinakaran has presented the news in simple direct style. News items were of specific topic only. But in The Hindu the news articles were completely of the featured news format. In Dinakaran, an underlined common topic was used to identify the cyclone related news and the follow up news articles too appeared in the same common topic. By lines appeared in the background of dual colors. Dinakaran has also used borders and color backgrounds in presenting the news items. The Hindu has not used much of these graphic elements in presenting the news but in small number of news items it has added the borders to separate the related news from the main news. The combination of both image and text is highly preferred among the people; The Hindu follows this combination in presenting the news and additionally it has also used more than one image in this combination. But in Dinakaran, full page photo feature are commonly seen. Dinakaran uses descriptive words for news related Nisha cyclone which is found to be harsh aggressive, whereas The Hindu has used a gag sort of descriptive words. The approach was found to be very direct in Dinakaran but in The Hindu it appears indirect, always. Dinakaran news articles are found to be less authentic as mere voices are presented without any reference but in The Hindu the name and place of the sources are given then and there. The bias is defined in one study as a perceived attribute of a news source whereby the individual news source, or the group the news source represents, has a clear vested interest in a cause or action relative to maintaining or changing the status quoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (and) a biased journalistic perspective, then, would mean only one side, not two or more sides, of an issue is presented.. Post-disaster News is found to be biased. In Dinakaran, maximum number of articles covered are relief, rehabilitations and politicians visits but its found very less in The Hindu. CONCLUSION Both the newspapers show very poor coverage of news on Disaster Preparedness which is mandatory. Only one article appeared in each newspaper, contradicting the highest of 38% of respondents demand for news on disaster preparedness. Scope for information on the science concepts involving natural disasters are found more. The survey shows that 23% of the people prefer to know the technical and scientific aspects of the disasters, which nearly equals to the number of people who wish to know the statistical information. The credibility of the weather report is very moderate. In The Hindu cyclone warning was given as a segment in the weather forecast from November 20, 2008, whereas Dinakaran gave much importance to cyclone warning by presenting it as an article in the 1st page. The importance for Nisha cyclone coverage is less as the newspaper has carried only a total of four articles in first page. The ratio of the cyclone news coverage in The Hindu and Dinakaran is in the ratio of 1:4 showing the immenseness of Dinakaran in covering the Nisha Cyclone. This indicates that less preference is given in The Hindu for the coverage of Nisha cyclone. Full page photo features were observed more in Dinakaran than in The Hindu. This is mainly due to the fact that picture fills the newspaper easily unlike news articles that demand efforts of news gathering, reporting and editing. The second fact is that use of color and pictures are eye-catchy and contribute to newspaper selling also. The Hindu is found to fulfill the respondents need by presenting news features than filling the pages with mere images. Less than 0.3% of the cyclone related articles were on preparedness, even though people expect such news. From the survey it is found that 34 % of the people demand preparedness, warning and precautionary measures related news. Dinakaran doesnt carry a separate column for weather forecast whereas The Hindu carries weather report every day. Weather forecast in The Hindu appears in much smaller fonts indicating the less importance given to it. The Hindu caries separate column for the weather forecasts that contain both the statistical and technical information daily, but the font size appears too small lessening the readability factor of the weather forecast. The results of the study prove the Agenda Setting Theory. Media agenda setting refers to the deliberate coverage of topics or events with the goal of influencing public opinion and public policy. The media framed most of the cyclone stories by emphasizing government response and less often addressing individuals and communities level of preparedness, warning dissemination, information on precautionary measures or responsibility. Hence, more articles covered response and recovery than mitigation and preparation. The newspapers studied focused significantly more on government response than on key public health roles in disaster management. In future, coordination need to be enhanced among the public health professionals, policy makers and mass media before, during, and after disasters occur. We would also expect members of the general population, including DRM practitioners and policy makers, to view well-publicized issues as more important than those receiving little media attention. SUGGESTIONS Newspaper is still a better preferred medium in this digital age in receiving disaster related news articles; it can be used effectively in educating people regarding disaster preparedness in Indian context. Reporting only at the time of disaster happening has been the trend so far adopted by present media yet this rule has to be changed at this age of increasing disasters. Steps have to be taken upon improving peoples opinion on the weather forecast. This can be achieved only educating people about disaster. Finally, even though the means to the end are evolving, the goals, the values, and the underlying principles of effective disaster communication the need for transparency, increased accessibility, trustworthiness and reliability, and to create partnerships with the mediahave not changed and need to be embraced along with the practical ability to convey information effectively.

The Monkey Wrench Gang: The Law breaking Heroes Essay example -- Monke

The Monkey Wrench Gang: The Law breaking Heroes Everyone knows that breaking the law is bad and anybody who does is a criminal, but Edward Abbey author of The Monkey Wrench Gang (1975), puts a twist on those thoughts. The Monkey Wrench Gang is an adventurous novel about a gang of environmentalists who set out to destroy bulldozers, bridges, cars, trains, signs or anything that is destroying their beautiful country, the American southwest. Through characterization and description Edward Abbey glorifies the art of law breaking and leaves his readers rooting for his heroic criminals. In the Monkey Wrench Gang there are four main characters: Bonnie Abbzug, Doc Sarvis, Seldom Seen Smith and George Hayduke. As individuals they never become much of a threat but as a team the fire really begins to spread. Out of all these characters Hayduke is the most prominent idealist. Hayduke is a beer-guzzling, veteran of the Vietnam War who has a grudge against the American government. The rebellious slob, sick of the human civilization and their unappreciation for the desert, decides to join forces with the others to save the American Southwest from a wrongful death. "My job is to save the f@#*ing wilderness. I don't know anything else worth saving."-Hayduke (211). Another member of the gang is the intelligent Doc Sarvis who is the money source in all the operations. Doc is a middle-aged doctor with a passion for the Southwest and for his assistant nurse named Bonnie Abbzug, another member of the gang. Bonnie is a 28-year-old woman in her prime who is a "close" friend of Doc. Before they join the gang they destruct several signs that post a threat to the Southwest. On the bumper of Doc's car is a bumper sticker t... ... all the glorified destruction Abbey never stops praising the desert's subtle beauty and enchantment. In all of his descriptions Abbey paints a beautiful picture that feeds the minds of the readers. " The rolling waters shone like hammered metal, like bronze lamé, each facet reflecting mirror- fashion the blaze in the sky. While glowing dumbly in the east, above the red canyon walls, the new antiphonal response to the glory of the sun." (54). A hero is easily defined as anyone who is admired for their courage, nobility, or exploits. Edward Abbey definitely made his characters heroes through description and character. Painting his scenery and characters with meaning and drawing his plot with adventure made the law breaking monkey wrench gang heroic savers of the American Southwest. Abbey, Edward. The Monkey Wrench Gang. Avon Book: New York, 1975.

How Should Waste Be Disposed Of Environmental Sciences Essay

This research is to larn and open our head about the waste in our environment and how to cut down or dispose the waste right. This is of import because our Earth is acquiring covered with a waste. The article below show the cogent evidence. The UK produces more than 434 million metric tons of waste every twelvemonth. Every twelvemonth UK families throw off the equivalent of 3 ? million bus coachs ( about 30 million metric tons ) , a waiting line of which would stretch from London to Sydney ( Australia ) and back. On norm, each individual in the UK, throws off seven times their organic structure weight ( about 500kg ) in trash every twelvemonth. ? I would strongly believe the Earth would truly appreciate and thankful to hold homos who know how to cut down or dispose the waste with a right manner. Introduction The dumping of waste at suited sites around the state is the usual agencies of disposal worldwide. It may be the quickest and the cheapest manner to acquire rid of waste but it is non a solution to the job of waste disposal. Indeed, at times is has led to major catastrophes. Landfill is an operation where the waste is used to make full up digging or natural hollow in the land. A shit may be good served but non ever. In the UK, possibly 90 % of all waste including toxic and other unsafe waste is still disposed of by landfill. ? So we need to halt shit the waste and make a proper manner to dispose all the waste. This is to forestall the land H2O pollution. As a consequences, we need to recycle all the wastes. Recycling is a processing used stuffs into new merchandises in order to forestall waste of potentially utile stuffs, cut down the ingestion of fresh natural stuffs, cut down energy use, cut down air pollution, H2O pollution and lower nursery gas. The commence waste that we can recycle are fictile, steel, gum elastic, glass, wood, paper and so on. Different waste difference type and method of recycle. Plastic Plastic is one of the most material waste around the universe. Plastic is light weight and versatile, doing it an ideal stuff for many applications. When we recycle the plastic, we will cut down the volume of waste traveling into the landfill, reduces the sum of oil used for fictile production and reduces the sum of energy consumed. We need to recycle plastic because plastic can take up to 500 old ages to break up. One metric ton of plastics is tantamount to 20,000 two litre drinks bottles or 120,000 bearer bags.? Presents, the demand and used of plastic are acquiring addition. Most of them are seeking to alter the used of other stuff to plastic. For illustration, autos are progressively utilizing fictile constituents in an attempt to cut down vehicle weight and better fuel ingestion. Then, nutrient is being repackaged in plastic instead than glass or Sn in order to cut down weight and merchandise harm. Chameleon. Internet ( 2004 ) Waste Online, Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wasteonline.org.uk Walter, J.K. and Wint, A. ( 1981 ) , Industrial Effluent Treatment, UK, Allied Science Publishers.. The considerable growing in plastic usage is due to the good belongingss of plastics. These include: Extreme versatility and ability to be tailored to run into really specific proficient demands. Lighter weight than viing stuffs, cut downing fuel ingestion during transit. Extreme lastingness. Resistance to chemicals, H2O and impact. Good safety and hygiene belongingss for nutrient packaging. Excellent thermal and electrical insularity belongingss. Relatively cheap to bring forth. However, the are a batch type of plastics such as Polyethylene Terephthalate, High Density Polyethylene, Polyvinyl Chloride, Low Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene and many more. Different plastic have different strength, stamina, denseness, runing point, life clip and utilizations. Some can be make for nutrient container and some ca n't because incorporate chemical and toxic. Some can be make for utilizing in high force per unit area and high temperature. The following tabular array illustrates the most common types of plastics used, their applications and the symbol which is frequently used to place them on signifiers of plastic packaging. Polymer Types Examples of applications Symbol Polyethylene Terephthalate Fizzy drink, H2O bottles, salad trays, medical specialty containers High Density Polyethylene Milk bottles, bleach, cleaners and most shampoo bottles. Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes, adjustments, window and door frames ( stiff PVC ) , thermic insularity ( PVC froth ) and automotive parts. Low Density Polyethylene Carrier bags, bin line drives, boxing movies. Polypropylene Margarine bath, microwaveable repast trays, besides produced as fibers and fibrils for rugs, wall coverings Polystyrene Yoghurt pots, foam beefburger boxes and egg cartons, fictile cutter, protective packaging for electronic goods and playthings. Insulating stuff in the edifice and building industry. Unallocated Mentions Any other plastics that do non fall into any of the above classs – for illustration polycarbonate which is frequently used in glazing for the aircraft industry Table 1. Type of plastic, application and symbol ? Plastic recycling procedure There are three cardinal factors when believing about how to recycle – The 3 R ‘s: Figure 1. 4 Recycling is an first-class manner of salvaging energy and conserving the environment because 1 recycled fictile bottle can salvage adequate energy to power a 60-watt visible radiation bulb for 3 hours. 4 To make the recycle procedure, there are a few stairss such as shredding, dividing, runing and remanufacturing. These are the common measure to make the recycle procedure but different type of plastic required different measure of remanufacturing. Shreding Figure 2. 4 Shreding is a cutting procedure. We will set all the fictile waste into a shredding machine and the machine will tear up the waste until it ‘s become little pieces or grain. WRAP ( 2008 ) Plastic type, Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wrap.org.uk/manufacturing/info_by_material/plastic/types_of_plastic.html 4 FUBRA LIMITED ( 2003-2008 ) Recycle at place, Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.recycling-guide.org.uk/rrr.html Separating Figure 3. 4 There are 3 phases of dividing. Blowing, drifting and centrifution. Once we finish tear uping all the waste, we will make a blowing procedure. This procedure is to take all the unwanted igniter stuffs such as paper labels and mulcts. Before the grains go into a floating procedure, it must travel into a scrubber machine. During this procedure, the grain will be washed with a particular detergent. This is to take the nutrient that might stay on the inside surface of bottles or containers, gum that is used at the label ‘s containers and any soil that might be present. After that, it will travel into drifting container. In this container, the grain will be drain with H2O. Then we will see that all the heavier grain like Polyethylene Terephthalate ( PET ) will be sink while the lighter grain like Polypropylene ( PP ) and High Density Polyethylene ( HDPE ) will be drifting at the top. So, we have separated the different type of plastic. The last measure of separating is a centrifution. This measure is similar with a blowing procedure. Melting Figure 4. 4 Once we done separated the fictile base on their group, we have to run it. Different group require different thaw point. For illustration, the thaw point for HDPE is 130-135 & A ; deg ; C while the thaw point for LDPE is around 110-115 & A ; deg ; C. After that, it will travel into a chilling procedure and will be cut to go a little flake. This flake is called ‘pallet ‘ . Pallet is a fictile natural stuff and this procedure is called ‘repelletizing ‘ . 4 FUBRA LIMITED ( 2003-2008 ) Recycle at place, Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.recycling-guide.org.uk/rrr.html Remanufacturing Figure 5. Injecting mould 4 Figure 6. Calendaring 4 This is a last measure before the wastes become a new merchandise. Once once more, there are many type of remanufacturing such as injection mold, blow mold, calendaring, extruder, thermoforming and many more. Most of the plastic merchandises are made by injection molding. Example of the merchandises are fork, spoon, home base, bowl, toys, disc casing and many more. Blow mold is merely for green goods bottles and the calendaring is for doing a fictile sheet. Extruder is a procedure to do a long tubing or hosiery. Future development Plastic being used widely for our day-to-day needs – plastic bag, nutrient container, bottle, packaging, etc. Therefore, a batch of plastic is required and there should be new coevals, development and uninterrupted research to counterbalance with today ‘s life style. Invention is really indispensable to procure a strong hereafter for the interest of environmental protection and the sustainability of merchandises based from plastic. Therefore, technology company will be given to plan more sophisticated machine which can recycle the plastic with assortment of advantages in footings of quality of merchandise, cost of production and clip consuming. Beside that, we besides have to believe about a new merchandise made by plastic in order to replace other merchandise which have been made by other stuff such as steel. For illustration, auto organic structure. Currently, about 95 % of the auto organic structure in the universe utilizing steel and merely 5 % is utilizing C fiber. This is because, the cost to bring forth the C fiber is so high. As a consequence, we need to make a research to better the plastic capableness. Once we archive the hereafter program, we will be able to increase the demand of plastic. Stating that point, authorities may be can do an offer to purchase a fictile waste from people. As a consequences, people are seeking to maintain their fictile waste and sell it. In the other manus, we are non merely can cut down the waste but we manage to bring forth some gross. Decision Recycling is the best solution for waste direction and to derive sustainability stuff. It is non easy to develop new engineerings and methods for recycle. Therefore, allow us made usage of it sagely and pull off this waste decently even though the utilizations of plastic is acquiring higher. 4 FUBRA LIMITED ( 2003-2008 ) Recycle at place, Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.recycling-guide.org.uk/rrr.html

Casablanca analysis

Lund and Captain Renault arriving at the airport to supposedly send Victor Laszlo off to Lisbon, Portugal. Rick Blaine meanwhile plans to send ‘Sis off with her husband. The night before alls had c unfrosted Rick In his deserted cafe about the letters of transit and tries to force him at gunpoint to give them to her, but gives up saying she's unable to due to her still loving him.She explain ins why she oft him without explanation which was because she felt she had to tend to her Ill huh spans who she had believed to have died escaping trot a concentration camp. Rick agrees to h alp leading her believe she will stay with him when Laszlo leaves. Laszlo shows up after narrowing escaping a police raid, and tries to persuade Rick to use the letters to take alls to safe TTY. When Renault arrives with an arrest warrant, Rick convinces him to release Laszlo by promo sing to set him up for the more serious crime of being in possession of the letters of transit.Rick then forces him at g unpoint to assist in their escape. Upon arrival to the airport, Rick does NT give alls much of a choice to either board the plane with Laszlo or stay with him believing that she would regret it and that she needs to help Laszlo with his work. This choice is set up as her either sacrificing her love with Rick & leaving to be honorable for staying in her marriage or staying with him for uncertain future. The former option is emotionally satisfying as an end to thee r relationship s It's filled with honor, grace and dignity.It's the ultimate resolution to their dilemma after having the perfect affair in Pans and then their bad timed reunion. Alga's â€Å"choice† at the end of the film Is not a matter of right or wrong. Whether or not alls chooses to stay In her marriage SSH old not be a matter of It being the right or wrong choice, rather It's her own personal decision w nether or not to choose to be happy and that would not have affected future events In a general SE nose.